Time horizon
The techniques can be defined by the relative time horizon you are considering.
Short
Gaming
Delphi
Reverse engineering
Narrative
Folksonomies
Medium
Roadmaps
Modelling and simulation
Issues trees
Seven questions
Trend analysis
Dialogue
Driver analysis
Medium to long
Review of abstracts
Backcasting
Horizon scanning
Plausibility matrix
The Fifth scenario
Long
State of science reviews
Causal layered analysis
Scenarios
STEEP
Visioning